The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Indonesia's major trading partners are Japan, United States, China and the surrounding countries of Singapore, Malaysia and Australia. Agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber. The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Its capital and country's most populous city is Jakarta, which is also the most populous city in Southeast Asia and the second in Asia. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have Special Administrative status. Indonesia's republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president. The world's most populous island, Java, contains more than half of the country's population. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. At 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles), Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands.
Indonesia ( / ˌ ɪ n d ə ˈ n iː ʒ ə/ ( About this sound listen) IN-də- NEE-zhə or / ˌ ɪ n d oʊ ˈ n iː z i ə/ IN-doh- NEE-zee-ə Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: error: : text has italic markup ( help) ), is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania.
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